Praud, “ Electrohydrodynamic thrust for in-atmosphere propulsion,” AIAA J. is not useful in the atmosphere environment. Noon, “ The ion propulsion system for Dawn,” in AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 2003. However, this type of an engine, like that of the NASA Dawn space probe, 16 16. Even though such a plasma engine has a very small propulsion force, after months and years of constant acceleration, the spacecraft can ultimately reach a high speed. The jet thruster using xenon plasma in a spacecraft exerts only a tiny propulsion force and can only be used in outer space in the absence of air friction. Batishchev, “ Minihelicon plasma thruster,” IEEE Trans. Plasma jet thrusters have also been used in aerospace applications for many years. Konrad, “ Production of high quality syngas from argon/water plasma gasification of biomass and waste,” Waste Manag. Martuzevicius, “ Degradation of various textile dyes as wastewater pollutants under dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment,” Chem. Mizeraczyk, “ Liquid fuel reforming using microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure,” Plasma Sources Sci. Matsumoto, “ Fuel gas production by microwave plasma in liquid,” Appl. Oksuz, “ Elimination of Aspergillus parasiticus from nut surface with low pressure cold plasma (LPCP) treatment,” Food Microbiol. Cullen, “ In-package atmospheric pressure cold plasma treatment of strawberries,” J.

Morfill, “ Characterization of microwave plasma torch for decontamination,” Plasma Process Polym. Stolz, “ A first prospective randomized controlled trial to decrease bacterial load using cold atmospheric argon plasma on chronic wounds in patients,” Br. Trink, “ Cold plasma selectivity and the possibility of a paradigm shift in cancer therapy,” Br. Khomich, “ High-rate growth of single crystal diamond in microwave plasma in CH 4/H 2 and CH 4/H 2/Ar gas mixtures in presence of intensive soot formation,” Diam. Rezek, “ Linear antenna microwave plasma CVD deposition of diamond films over large areas,” Vacuum 86, 776– 779 (2012). Al-Aqeeli, “ Fabrication of nano-grained Ti–Nb–Zr biomaterials using spark plasma sintering,” Mater. Monno, “ Experimental study of the features of the kerf generated by a 200A high tolerance plasma arc cutting system,” J. Plasma has wide applications in many areas, including metal processing, 1,2 1. In the laboratory, plasma can be generated using an electric arc, microwave cavity, laser, fire flame, or discharging high-voltage needle. Plasma naturally arises due to the ionization of molecules at high temperatures (such as in the sun) or in high electric fields (such as in lightning). Similar to solids, liquids, and gases, plasma is a normal state of matter.

Mit mini helicon plasma thruster